What type of instability are children with Down syndrome frequently screened for when participating in horseback riding?

Children with Down syndrome are frequently screened for atlantoaxial instability when participating in horseback riding due to the increased risk associated with this condition. Atlantoaxial instability involves excessive movement between the first and second cervical vertebrae, and it can lead to serious complications, including spinal cord compression.

The prevalence of atlantoaxial instability is notably higher in children with Down syndrome because of the anatomical variations and ligamentous laxity inherent to the condition. Before engaging in activities with a risk for falls or impacts, such as horseback riding, it is critical to assess whether a child has this instability to ensure their safety, as these activities could exacerbate any pre-existing conditions.

In contrast, while shoulder, knee, and wrist instability can occur in various populations, they are not specifically associated with the heightened risk present in individuals with Down syndrome during horseback riding, making them less relevant to the context of screening in this scenario.