When do children typically walk up and down stairs without support using an alternating foot pattern?

Children typically begin to walk up and down stairs without support using an alternating foot pattern around the age of 4 years. At this age, they have developed the necessary balance, coordination, and strength to perform this task effectively and safely.

Prior to this age, younger children usually ascend and descend stairs by either crawling or using a step-by-step method, often with one foot leading and the other following, or by climbing using both feet on the same step. By age 4, many children have honed their motor skills sufficiently through play and physical activities, allowing them to navigate stairs in a more adult-like manner—using one foot per step as they alternate feet. This milestone reflects their growing independence and physical capabilities in gross motor development.