Which Outcome Measures (OMs) are exclusively Criterion referenced?

Criterion-referenced measures are designed to evaluate a child's performance against a specific set of criteria or standards, rather than comparing their performance to that of others. In this context, the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the School Function Assessment (SFA) serve as prime examples of exclusively criterion-referenced outcome measures.

The GMFM is specifically structured to assess gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy and is based on the ability to perform specific movements and tasks. The criteria are grounded in developmental milestones, and the measure focuses on determining individual performance levels rather than ranking children against each other.

The SFA evaluates a child's performance in school settings and functional abilities related to their participation in school activities. It looks at specific tasks and the contexts in which they are performed, providing an assessment of functional skills linked to educational requirements and environments.

In contrast, the other options include measures that incorporate normative data or are also norm-referenced, meaning they can compare performance against that of a larger population, making them not strictly criterion-referenced. Thus, GMFM and SFA stand out clearly as exclusively criterion-referenced measures.